Forecast production, compute well spacings, and compute numerous completion, production, and geologic KPI's.
Compute Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s)
After the data relevent to Completion Optimization is loaded there are several automated workflows that run to generate production forecasts and compute a variety of KPI's used in the Completion Optimization workflow. These workflows are run as part of the initial implementation and re-run when new data is available. Usually, the production forecasting (AutoDCA) and well spacing (Voronoi grid) and associated KPI workflows are automatically re-run monthly and the completion and geologic KPI workflows are manually re-run when new data is available. If the completion or geologic data is from public sources, they usually also auto-run monthly.
After the KPI's are computed and loaded into the visualizations, there is a QC step to identify outliers that may need to reviewed for accuracy.
Workflows
The workflows perform several tasks listed below. During the initial implemetation these workflows are installed, run, and a scehdule of automated updates is created. Several items are linked to detailed articles.
- AutoDCA (individual-well production forecasting)
- Voronoi grid (well spacing)
- Assign geo data to wells (gridded geo data to wellbore lat/long)
- Compute KPI's (i.e. B90, EUR, proppant/stage, etc.)
- Update visuals:
Primary User Settings/Decisions:
- AutoDCA - Default Arp's parameters, tail decline rate, time window for regression
- Voronoi grid - Distance to polygon edge when no offsets, formation groupings
- Geologic Data - Which parameters to include or assign to wellbore corrdinates
Primary KPIs:
- Completion:
- Completed lateral length, stages, per clusters, proppant weight, fracture fluid volume and type, completion type, injection rate
- Production, proppant, and fracture fluid per stage, perf cluster, or foot
- Production: B90 (~IP90), EUR, Date of First Production (DOFP)
- Geologic: TVD, zone tops, landing/completed zone, porosity, pay, water saturation
- Wellbore:
- Well/lateral spacing when drilled and today
- Lateral azimuth (if hz. well)
KPI QC
The user should QC the KPI's to determine if there are obvious outliers that need to be checked for accuracy. For example:
- TVD outliers can be easily discerned by color-coding the Voronoi map by TVD for a single formation.
- Grossly incorrect lateral lengths, stages, perf clusters, proppant amounts, and fracture fluid volumes can be identified by:
- Plots of individual parameters vs time.
- Plots of ratios such as proppant concentration (proppnat amount/fracture fluid volume), perf cluster per stage, proppant per foot, fracture fluid per foot, B90 vs EUR (to indentify suspect production forecasts)
The QC process generally uses three visuals/dashboards:
- Maps
- Production Summary
- Completion Summary
If erronous data exists and can not be fixed, exclude that data from the Completion Optimization analysis.
Visuals/Dashboards
- Maps
- Production Summary
- Completion Summary
